What Were The Problems With The Sykes-Picot Agreement Of 1916

It was formalized by the Allied powers of the First World War with the San Remo Conference in 1920. Many of these clashes led to unrealistic promises made by the British on each side; Promised, which is directly related to the artificial design of the modern Middle East initiated by the Sykes-Picot agreement. US President Woodrow Wilson rejected all secret agreements between allies and encouraged open diplomacy and ideas of self-determination. On November 22, 1917, Leon Trotsky sent a note to the petrograd ambassadors that „contained proposals for a ceasefire and democratic peace without annexation and without compensation based on the principle of nation independence and their right to determine the nature of their own development.“ [68] Peace negotiations with the four-year Alliance – Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey – began a month later in Brest-Litovsk. On behalf of the Quadrennial Alliance, Count Czernin replied on 25 December that „the question of the nationality of national groups that do not have the independence of the state should be constitutionally resolved by any state and its peoples independently“ and that „the right of minorities is an essential part of the constitutional right of peoples to self-determination“. [69] In the Treaty of London of 26 April 1915, Article 9 contained obligations relating to Italian participation in a division of the Ottoman Empire. The article states that „if France, Great Britain and Russia occupy territories in Turkey in Asia during the war, the Mediterranean region bordering the province of Adalia will remain, within the aforementioned borders, reserved for Italy, entitled to occupy it.“ Her Majesty`s Government supports the creation of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine and will do its best to facilitate the achievement of this goal… In the narrowest and most precise sense, the term „Sykes-Picot“ refers to the agreement reached in May 1916 between the British diplomat Sir Mark Sykes and the French diplomat François Georges-Picot on the future of the Fertile Crescent (The Levant and Mesopotamia) at the end of the war, assuming that the Ottoman Empire, Germany`s war partner, would be divided. The area was to be divided into British and French territories with direct control and influence, with Palestine becoming an international entity. Marked by British strategic interests and France`s historic claim to a particular position in the Levant, the agreement provided that Mesopotamia Britain and a land bridge to the Mediterranean and France would have Lebanon and much of Syria.

Sir Henry McMahon was the British High Commissioner to Egypt and Hussein bin Ali was the Sharif of Mecca. In letters exchanged between 1915 and 1916, Britain clearly agreed to recognize Arab independence after World War I in exchange for Arab help in the fight against the Ottomans. The first round table took place on 23 November 1915 in London, with the French government, represented by the professional diplomat in the Levant, François-Georges Picot, and the British delegation led by Sir Arthur Nicolson. The second round of discussions took place on 21 December with the British, who are now represented by Sir Mark Sykes, a leading expert from the East. It is clear that, in the search for a new regional order, the international community cannot help but attack the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It should be noted that the collapse of the old order in the central regions of the Middle East has had contradictory consequences on the Israeli-Palestinian impasse: it is clearly difficult to imagine that an Israeli government would take risks in the current regional circumstances, but the current change has created a new space for creative ideas and solutions.